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Richard Wagner (1813-1883)

Wagner reimagined opera as "music drama" - a fusion of music, poetry, theater, and spectacle he called the Gesamtkunstwerk, or total work of art. His ambition was matched by his achievement.

The Ring Cycle - four operas spanning approximately fifteen hours - remains the most ambitious musical project ever attempted. His harmonic innovations in Tristan und Isolde pushed tonality to its limits and set the stage for 20th-century modernism. King Ludwig II built him the Bayreuth Festival Theatre, which has hosted performances almost continuously since 1876.

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